Ixora coccinea Curtis. In: Flora of Mozambique. If temperatures dip below 4°C, leaves and small twigs will be damaged. Nazarudeen, A., 2010. It flowers throughout the year in full sunlight and light shade; shrubs grown in heavy shade rarely flower (Whistler, 2000; Useful Tropical Plants, 2017). Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature Top of page. Bogor, Indonesia: PROSEA (Plant Resources of South-East Asia) Foundation. The EPPO Global Database lists the following as pests of I. coccinea: Cephonodes hylas, Ceroplastes stellifer and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (EPPO, 2020). Bogor, Indonesia: PROSEA (Plant Resources of South-East Asia) Foundation. Bremek. Fruit a berry with thin flesh, reddish black. Ixora coccinea (Red) and I. coccinea (yellow) ... (the white spot in the middle of the inflorescence) of the butterfly. Geographical Distributions. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. K Fern. Richmond, London, UK: Kew Royal Botanic Gardens. I. coccinea is a perennial species (Encyclopedia of Life, 2017). Although light frosts may kill the plant above ground, new growth will occur in spring (Floridata, 2017). (Blütenbiologische Typen als Elemente der Sippengliederung : dargestellt anhand der Flora Südafrikas). Habit . Millennium Seed Bank - Seed List. Useful tropical plants database. is a year-round flowering plant that shouldn’t be put into the old-fashioned category. http://www.eol.org, Hyde M A, Wursten B T, Ballings P, Coates Palgrave M, 2017. Missouri Botanical Garden, 2017. Rachitha Wickramasinghe, Kumara, R. R., Silva, E. D. de, Ratnasooriya, W. D., Handunnetti, S., 2014. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. It consists of tropical evergreen trees and shrubs and holds around 562 species. It is a shrub with many stems, measures up to 3 m tall and smooth. Inflorescence Type/ Size- ... Dear all.. attached is the photograph of *Ixora coccinea* (both ripen > and immature)..recorded from Kumta of Karnataka. PIER, 2017. Washington, DC, USA: Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. - Hardy only in zones 10 and 11 where it is used as a hedge, specimen, or container plant. First Report of Sea Grape Flatid in Barbados. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro: Ixoroideae, Gardenieae). Genus species: Ixora coccinea Family: Rubiaceae Chuukese name: Achiou English name: Burning Love, Jungle Flame or Jungle Geranium Kosrean name: Kalsruh Pohnpeian name: Ketieu Yapese name: Waish Growth form: Shrub Growth location: Terrestrial Growth environment: From … According to Vogel (1954), species of Ixora with bright red and orange flowers such as I. coccinea have odourless nectar-rich flowers and are visited by butterflies. Freely produced throughout the year. Ixora coccinea is native to the Indian subcontinent including Sri Lanka (USDA-ARS, 2017) and tropical Southeast Asia (Floridata, 2017). In Thailand, the roots or flowers are used as anti-inflammatory and antidiarrhoeal drugs, as astringents, tranquilizers and appetite stimulants. I. coccinea is a member of the family Rubiaceae. Ixora coccinea red inflorescence. I. coccinea is widely used in Ayurveda (traditional medicine) and traditional medicinal practices in Asia. Ixora rosea Sims. Cultivation: Hybrid relatively slower-growing than other types of Ixora. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). It is the national flower of Suriname. In general I. coccinea is found in cultivated land, plains, scrubland, woodland and gardens (Encyclopedia of Life, 2017). Flower Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk. Stamens attached at corolla throat, anthers 0.3-0.35 cm. It is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical climates and has naturalized in Puerto Rico, presumably dispersed by birds. Watkins JV, Sheeham TJ, 1975. Jaipur, Rajasthan, India: Birla Institute of Scientific Research.https://bioinfo.bisr.res.in/project/domap/index.php. Effectiveness and importance of butterflies as pollinators to the flowers of Ixora coccinea. Tropicos database. (Rubiaceae Juss. Androecium made up of 4 stamens, polyandrous, epipetalous and alternipetalous, anthers sagitate, dithecous, dorsifixed, introrse. The following description is based on PIER (2017) and India Biodiversity Portal (2017). http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/list. San Juan, Puerto Rico: La Editorial, University of Puerto Rico.382 pp. Online Database Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory.https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, Useful Tropical Plants, 2017. Lateral roots frequently put out suckers; layering also occurs whenever a branch touches the ground (Francis, 2004). Ixora coccinea red inflorescence. http://www.tropicos.org/. Inouye H, Takeda Y, Nishimura H, Kanomi A, Okuda T, Puff C, 1988. London, UK: CRC Press Inc.3960 pp. I. coccinea has been occasionally persisting around former habitations and waste areas in Florida. Str. Ixora duffii (scientific name: Ixora duffii) is a tropical evergreen shrub of the Rubiaceae family, from Sumatra Island. However, the spring, summer and fall flowering make up for it. 382 pp. In Rajasthan in India, I. coccinea is found in forest areas and road cuttings (DOMAP, 2016); in Florida, this species is observed along roadsides, agricultural fields or thickets (Gann et al., 2019). Triangular, persistent; corolla tube usually around 3.8 cm, lobes lanceolate to ovate, acute or sometimes obtuse, less than 2.5 to 3.1 cm long. https://gd.eppo.int, Floridata, 2017. http://tropical.theferns.info/, Vascular Plants of Ecuador, 2017. Ixora coccinea and I. casei are not treated in this current flora but are included in the key to species below for identification. Fruiting occurs in November and May. Ixora dixiana Gentil. It competes well with shrubs and herbs but not with dense grass. Botanical Name : Ixora coccinea L. The species name coccinea is a latin derivative which means scarlet coloured.. Synonyms : Pavetta coccinea (L.) Blume Common Name : Ixora Plant Family : Rubiaceae Plant Form : Shrub Occurrence (Sectors) : 1-30 Occurrence (Special Areas) : Gujarat Forestry Research Foundation, Indroda Park, Infocity, Aranya Van About Ixora coccinea Plant : Hottz D, Pereira-Moura MVL, Gomes M, 2007. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science, 128, 23-28. Propagation: Asexual reproduction by leaf cuttings. Online Portal of India Biodiversity. Merely a form with relatively unattractive flowers which are yellowish at first and then change to pale pinkish white. Members of this genus are of particular interest because of their ornamental value as garden plants and as a source of metabolites for the pharmaceutical industry (Inouye et al., 1988). Research has shown that both aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of I. coccinea exhibit potent anti-neutrophil activity(Wickramasinghe et al., 2014). Abstract. http://collections.nmnh.si.edu/search/botany/, USDA-ARS, 2017. I. coccinea has been intentionally introduced primarily for ornamental and medicinal uses. Ixora stricta Roxb. Inflorescence terminal dense corymbiform cymes, peduncle very short or absent; bracts c. 8 mm long. Online Database. In: Useful tropical plants database. However, I. chinensis has a cuneated leaf base with round petals while I. coccinea has a heart-shaped leaf base with pointed petals. In: The C. Starr Virtual Herbarium New York, USA: New York Botanical Garden. Aerial, erect, branched, cylindrical and woody. There are a number of differences, the most important of which are the substantially larger inflorescence and the white flower color with pink margins. Ixora Coccinea (scientific name: Ixora coccinea) is a tropical evergreen shrub of Santonca genus of the Rubiaceae family in Indian origin. 2006) reported that I. coccinea is locally adventive in some parts of Australia, which may be a possibility in China. Prefers acidic soils (pH 5.1 - 6.0) supplemented with iron. Ovary 0.1-0.2 cm across; style 3-3.5 cm, exserted. [ed. Little is known about environmental conditions in its native range, but in Puerto Rico I. coccinea grows in areas that receive around 1800 mm of annual precipitation. ex Sm. Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. In: Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. This species has been introduced and cultivated throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the New World; it is widely cultivated in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand (Ysrael and Van Valkenburg, 1999);  it has naturalized in Puerto Rico (Liogier, 1997; Francis, 2004). Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Encyclopedia of Life, 2017. (2008) and Duara (2014), the flowers of I. coccinea are exclusively pollinated by papilionid butterflies. (2019) describes the species as non-native in Puerto Rico and cultivated only; however, Liogier (1997) describes it as having naturalized and grown as an ornamental. New York Botanical Garden, 2017. Ixora coccinea is a dense, multi-branched evergreen shrub native to India and Sri Lanka. Ixora flammea Salisb. Selvaraj R, 1987. Botanical description of Ixora coccinea . India Biodiversity Portal, 2017. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk. Seeds germinate between 32 and 70 days following sowing (Francis, 2004). Ash content, crude fat and crude fibre of Ixora coccinea were higher than Sida acuta and that of the leaf and inflorescence samples in this present study. Useful tropical plants database. Ixora L. In: Proseabase, [ed. Dontha S, Kamurthy H, Mantripragada B, 2015. Calyx made up of sepals 4, gamosepalous,green, valvate, very short in comparison to corolla. Classification: Ixora coccinea, cv. Wildland shrubs of the United States and its Territories: thamnic descriptions. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, 2017. In: Online Portal of India Biodiversity . Inflorescence terminal, usually a 3-branched cyme, 5-8 cm across. Plant-pollinator interactions in tropical monsoon forests in Southeast Asia. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. Whistler WA, 2000. Closeup of Ixora coccinea flowers in monochrome. Ixora colei Gentil. In: The C. Starr Virtual Herbarium. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. Ixora speciosa Willd. Reduced light in winter indoors contributes to leaf drop and much reduced flowering. FPS 291. Growing next to cemetery walls, Smith Rd, Georgetown, Santa Clara - no locality provided though probably near Soledad at Cienfuegos, Las Villas, Puerto Plata. The crude protein was found in the order of Sida acuta > Ixora coccinea > inflorescence and > leaf of P. alliaceae. Frankie Hipp. Quattrocchi, U., 2012. I. coccinea is propagated by cuttings (Useful Tropical Plants, 2017). Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis. It likes high humidity and a moist, friable, well-drained soil that is high in organics. Plants of the island of Puerto Rico. © Copyright 2020 CAB International. A global assessment of distribution, diversity, endemism, and taxonomic effort in the Rubiaceae. Encyclopedia of Life. Liogier HA, 1997. De Block P, 1998. Database of medicinal and aromatic plants in Rajasthan. José Chabert-Llompart, El Pastillo Conservation Trust Inc., Puerto Rico. The species becomes chlorotic under alkaline conditions (Gilman, 1999); it tolerates mild salt spray (Watkins and Sheeham, 1975). Alves and Barreto (2010) observed Pseudocercospora ixoricola to be a pathogen of I. coccinea in South America. There are no pictures available for this datasheet, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2017), https://bioinfo.bisr.res.in/project/domap/index.php, https://regionalconservation.org/ircs/database/site/IntroPR.asp, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, Sources differ as to whether the species is native or introduced, Grand Cayman. Florida landscape plants, native and exotic, Gainesville, Florida, USA: The University Presses of Florida.420 pp. It bears flowers which are numerous having bright scarlet colour in dense, senssile corymbiform cymes. Ixora pallida Reinw. A decoction of the flowers or the bark is employed as a lotion against eye troubles, sores and ulcers while the leaves are used to treat diarrhoea (Ysrael and Van Valkenburg, 1999). Ysrael MC, Van Valkenburg JLCH, 1999. Chen L, Chu C, Huang M, 2003. Bull. Genus epithet 'Ixora' named after Malabar-Indian deity Iswara, who is assocated with the sacred Ixora coccinea (Jungle Flame) and in turn worshipped with its flowers. Tropical ornamentals, a guide, Portland, Oregon, USA: Timber Press.542 pp. Ixora blanda Ker Gawl. (Plantas de la Isla de Puerto Rico). Nora Grant. Stem . It has become one of the most popular flowering shrubs in South Florida gardens and landscapes. Ixora L. In: Proseabase. Photographs by: Ixora coccinea is a dense, multi-branched evergreen shrub native to India and Sri Lanka. International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences , 2, 71-74. Other species like Ixora coccinea, Ixora siamensis (dwarf cultivar), ... Inflorescence and flowers of the red and yellow cultivars of Ixora javanica. Spermatophyta, Volume 5: Acanthaceae to Compositae. Phytochemistry, 27, 2591–2598. According to Kato et al. Kato, M., Kosaka, Y., Kawakita, A., Okuyama, Y., Kobayashi, C., Phimminith, T., Thongphan, D., 2008. An evergreen shrub. It is also grown in containers, looking very distinguished as a patio or poolside plant. Blooming yellow Ixora flowers. Red, 4 petals, clustered into corymbiform inflorescences, scentless but source of nectar for insects. Floridata. The C. Starr Virtual Herbarium. In: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Bali, Indonesia. ex Miq. Gann GD, Trejo-Torres JC, Stocking CG, 2019. Simple, opposite decussate, oblong, stipulate with interpetiolar stipules and unicostate reticulate venation. Volume 1, (Gen Tech Rep IITF-GTR-26) [ed. Ixora coccinea is used in warm climates for hedges and screens, foundation plantings, landscaping or grown as a specimen shrub or small tree. There is no evidence to suggest or imply that I. coccinea is an invasive species. In Ecuador, it is cultivated in coastal areas at elevations from 0 to 500 m (Missouri Botanical Garden, 2017). I would also like to add that ... of 'ButterflyIndia' (facebook) group helped me identify the egg of the same butterfly in the related photograph. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: University of Puerto Rico Press.436 pp. Ixora crocata Lindl. Paraphyly of Ixora and new tribal delimitation of Ixoreae (Rubiaceae): inference from combined chloroplast (rps16, rbcl, and trnT-F) sequence data. This sun-loving shrub bears clusters of tubular flowers in Central and South Florida. Settl. The C. Starr Virtual Herbarium. Ixora coccinea is native in India, widely cultivated in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand.. Botanical Description. USDA-ARS, 2017. The flowers are also used as a cholagogue and stimulant of digestive enzyme secretion. The chromosome number reported for I. coccinea is 2n = 22 (Selvaraj, 1987). In Japanese name it is safflower suntanka (safflower mountain flower). Seeds 2, globose, 0.3-0.4 cm diam. View flowers.docx from SCIENCE 123 at Centro Escolar University. The genus name is thought to be derived from the Sanskrit "Iswari", the name of the Hindu goddess Parvati, to whom the flowers are offered in Indian temples; the specific epithet coccinea is Latin for scarlet or bright red, in reference to the flower colour (Quattrocchi, 2012). Leaves (9-)12-25 x (3.5)5-9(-12) cm, glabrous. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 9(2), 398-402. http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/8191/1/IJTK%209%282%29%20398-402.pdf. New York, USA: New York Botanical Garden. Synonym: Ixora incarnata. 9: 185. Ixora coccinea was introduced in Brazil in 1809 where it has become a popular ornamental (Hottz et al., 2007). Ixorea coccinea. Meise, Belgium: National Botanic Garden of Belgium.218 pp. The Rubiaceae family is one of the largest families of flowering plants, with over 13,000 species distributed worldwide (Davis et al., 2009).Ixora is the third largest genus in the family with about 500 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions (Mouly et al., 2009). About ten species are already cultivated for their large inflorescences and brightly coloured flowers, including I. coccinea. The plant is well known in Thailand because its flowers have a scent of leaves of pandan or newly cooked fragrant rice. CRC world dictionary of medicinal and poisonous plants: common names, scientific names, eponyms, synonyms, and etymology , [ed. Ixora coccinea * Previous name used in the website: Synonyms: Family name: RUBIACEAE: English name: Jungle gernnium: Local name: Rathmal / Rathambala: Tamil name: Sanskrit name: Conservation status: Description: Small tree, 2-6(-12) m tall. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. Cytologia, 52, 343-356. by De Padua, LS, Bunyapraphatsara, N, Lemmens, RHMJ]. In: Useful tropical plants database : K Fern.http://tropical.theferns.info/. Ixora. PIER, 2017. [Ixora coccinea] Var. CABI is a registered EU trademark. Flowers numerous, sessile to subsessile; calyx tube 0.18-0.2 cm, puberulous without, lobes minute. Online Database. Origin: Cultivated Botanische Studien, 1, 1-338. Gynoecium composed of bicarpellary, syncarpous, bilocular, two ovules in each locule, axile placentation, style long and passes through the long corolla tube, stigma bilobed and simple. In situ experiments with I. coccinea showed floral initiation was promoted between 10 and 20°C and inhibited at 30°C (Chen et al., 2003). Ixora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae.It is the only genus in the tribe Ixoreae. Inflorescence . Gainesville, Florida, USA: Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension.http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. Ixora Coccinea Flowers gorgeous pink ixora flower (Rubiaceae family) in Antigua. http://www.proseanet.org, CABI, 2020. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Ixora kroneana (Miq.) San Juan, Puerto Rico: La Editorial, University of Puerto Rico. Ixora coccinea and I. chinensis are often confused even by those in the nursery trade; both have red to yellow flowers, with tubes never longer than 5 cm with very small sepals. Ixora coccinea, inflorescence and foliage. CABI Distribution Database: Status as determined by CABI editor. Flowers sessile, bright scarlet hypanthium 1-1.5 mm long, glabrescent, teeth, c. 0.5 mm long, corolla-tube, 2.5-4.0 cm long, 1.5 mm wide, glabrous, lobes 8-10 x 4-5 mm, twisted in bud, throat glabrous. Wallingford, UK: CABI, Encyclopedia of Life, 2017. Gann et al. Inflorescence and flower development in Chinese Ixora. Smithsonian Museum of Natural History Botany Collections. The leaves are large and wide, glossy and rounded. In: Millennium Seed Bank - Seed List. Plants exposed to more sun will be denser and more compact, and produce more flowers. alliaceae was higher than that of Ixora coccinea [14] and Sida acuta [15]. Family Rubiaceae, Subclass Asteridae. DOMAP, 2016. http://apps.kew.org/seedlist/SeedlistServlet. Delray Beach, Florida, USA: The Institute for Regional Conservation.https://regionalconservation.org/ircs/database/site/IntroPR.asp, Gilman EF, 1999. http://www.proseanet.org. In: Tropicos database St. Louis, Missouri, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden.http://www.tropicos.org/. 1941. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. Revista Brasileira de Biociências, 5, 642-644. Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Ixora: a review. Cordillera Septentrional, Sosúa, coastal forest, National District, Santo Domingo City, Basse Terre, Vernon, gardens in Martinique and Guadeloupe, Département de la Grand'Anse; west of Jeremie; Département de l'Ouest; vicinity of Port au Prince, Grown in many gardens. Ixora incarnata Roxb. Encyclopedia of Life. Branched tap root system. Name of flower Scientific name Classification Based on Location of the ovary hypogynous Inflorescence Tulipa Essential decolorans Corner, Gard. http://www.eol.org, EPPO, 2020. Ask for details ; Follow Report by Dhananchakma3218 07.10.2019 Log in to add a comment The crimson coloured chickpea-sized fruits of I. coccinea are used as food especially by children in the villages and tribal areas in India (Nazarudeen, 2010). Duara P, 2014. The wide range of varieties available for both species makes it difficult to distinguish between them on the basis of petal shape or floral colour. Online Database. Stipules 3-5 mm long. Inhibition of phagocytic and intracellular killing activity of human neutrophils by aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Ixora coccinea. Chemotaxonomicstudies of rubiaceous plants containing iridoid glycosides. Francis JK, 2004. Flora of Mozambique. Apparently I. coccinea does not reproduce naturally outside its native range. Reynolds and Forster (Austrobaileya 7(2): 253-278. I. coccinea grows well in full sun and light to moderate shade. > > … Ixora coccinea is dispersed by seed; in Puerto Rico, there are reports of this species being dispersed by birds  (Liogier and Martorell, 2000). I. coccinea is widely cultivated as an ornamental (New York Botanical Garden, 2017), used in hedges and valued for its floral display (Missouri Botanical Garden, 2017). The genus Ixora comprises more than 500 species of shrubs and small trees found worldwide mostly in moist and wet forests (Davis et al., 2009; Mouly et al., 2009). Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis, (Edn 2 (revised)) . It shows moderate tolerance to drought (Gilman, 1999) and tolerates mild salt spray (Watkins and Sheeham, 1975). Plant Disease, 94(2), 278. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-94-2-0278C. Ixora coccinea NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to form a strategic partnership called N.C. About ten species are already cultivated for their large inflorescences and brightly coloured flowers, including I. coccinea. I. coccinea thrives in full sun in moist but well-drained acid soil but can tolerate light to moderate shade (Gilman, 1999). Dr. Maulik Gadani. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, Useful Tropical Plants, 2017. Root . Nutritional composition of some lesser-known fruits used by the ethnic communities and local folks of Kerala. When cut or burned I. coccinea coppices and prostate plants produce vertical shoots. Liogier, H. A., Martorell, L. F., 2000. The old South Florida favorite ixora (Ixora spp.) Ysrael, MC, Van Valkenburg, JLCH, 1999. Widely cultivated in New World tropical countries and lower 48 United States, Highly adaptable to different environments, Highly likely to be transported internationally accidentally. http://www.mozambiqueflora.com/index.php, IPPC, 2020. Pseudocercospora ixoricola causing leaf spots on Ixora coccinea in Brazil. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. Species epithet 'congesta' means 'crowded' or 'congested', a reference to the dense inflorescence clusters. The African species of Ixora (Rubiaceae–Pavetteae), Opera Botanica Belgica 9.