1753. Food tuber yams include D. alata, D. bulbifera, D. rotundata, D. cayenensis, D. esculenta and D. trifida. Dioscorea bulbifera is a potent medicinal plant used in both Indian and Chinese traditional medicine owing to its rich phytochemical diversity. 600 species and is divisible into numerous sections according to stem twining, leaf morphology, inflorescences, seed wings, bulbil formation, tuber morphology and chemical content. Ninety-five percent of Dioscoreaceae species belong to the genus Dioscorea, commonly known as yam (77). One of the first plants to be investigated there were D. mexicana, D. floribunda and D. composita. Citation: DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA Linnaeus, Sp. Dioscorea bulbifera. Better diosgenin production may also be achieved by addition of mycelia of some fungal species to the culture, a technique that seems be very promising. Methods Circular No. Our observation of cuticular striations on the adaxial and abaxial epidermises of both wild and micropropagated D. bulbifera is in line with this report and can therefore be used as a diagnostic feature for standardization of the crude drug. It contains detailed information on Dioscorea bulbifera, one of the most common and widespread yams of the tropics, which is known as air-potato yam because of its edible aerial tubers. Small granules (7–15 μm maximum dimension) are circular to oblate, while larger granules (25–35 μm) were typically either oblong or triangular as seen in other Dioscorea sp. Stauntonia hexaphylla (Lardizabalaceae, Japanese name mube) () is widely distributed in thickets in lowlands and foothills in warmer regions of Japan, Korea and China. Leaf micro-characters can be used for distinguishing crude drugs even when they are fragmented[10]. Table Diosgenin content in selected Dioscorea species. Dioscorea bulbifera var. Selain itu terdapat pula Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea pentaphylla, dan Dioscorea nummularia. Stem-Twining to the left, unarmed, often with bulbils in the leaf-axils. A survey of epidermal morphology of the genus. Dioscorea bulbifera var. Phytochemistry 28(3):947-949. (D. bulbifera) belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae assigned to the order Dioscorales.It is commonly called air potato, air yam or bulbil-bearing yam. Microscopic evaluation is an indispensable tool for identification of medicinal herbs and is one of the essential parameter in modern monograph. They were rinsed in distilled water until explants were clean and free from Tween 20. Produce tubérculos basales; sin embargo, los “bulbillos” (o tubérculos aéreos) que crecen en la base de sus hojas son el producto alimenticio más importante. The aerial bulbil serves as the main storage organ rather than underground tubers or bulbils[3]. Selvaraj and Subhas-Chander (1980) observed that fresh tuber homogenates of D. floribunda incubated at 37 °C for 24 h contained more diosgenin than control and dry tuber homogenates. MORPHOLOGY OF DIOSCOREA BULBIFERA L.21 Habit- A large glabrous climber growing 70 feet or more in length. The vast majority of the species are tropical, with only a few species extending into temperate climates. Okeke EC, Eneobong HN, Uzuegbunam AO, Ozioko AO, Kuhnlein H. Igbo tradional food system: documentation, uses and research needs. We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. Pharmacognostic and pharmaceutical studies of, Salmah T, Nashriyah M, Abdul-Ghani Y, Shamsul BA. Some Dioscorea species play an important role in pharmacy. Sarma (1980) studied the influence of diosgenin, isolated from D. prazeri, on chromosomes of Allium cepa. Singh IP, Parthasarathy VA, Handique PJ. The techniques utilized in this study were in accordance with methodology previously reported in literature (Saheed and Illoh, 2010; Smillie and Khan, 2010; Santos et al., 2008). Leaves of the wild and micropropagated plants were studied microscopically. ex De Wild. *N1: 12 weeks old nodal segment of D. bulbifera obtained from green house; **N2: 12 weeks old nodal segment obtained from underground bulbils of D. bulbifera following dormancy break. Adaptive responses to progressive drought stress in two poplar species originating from different attitude. Yams: An account on the nature, origin, cultivation and utilization of the useful members of Dioscoreaceae. In vitro bulbil induction in this study agrees with a previous study in which incorporation of BAP (2.0 mg/L) in MS medium resulted in the formation of a single oval bulbil from the lowest node of D. bulbifera[31]. It comprises ca. Therefore, foliar micromorphological description of crude drug may complement macroscopic description of medicinal plants which could be useful in preparing a monograph for its identification, thus providing a useful tool for collection and preservation of the species. bulbifera bulbifera dioscorea bulbifera bulbils bulbifera fern bulbifera image bulbifera tuber extract bulbifera food bulbifera family bulbifera scientific name bulbifera yam. Air potato is an aggressive, herbaceous vine that can attain lengths of 65 feet in a single growing season. Abstract. Naphthalene acetic acid had been reported to inhibit root elongation in a wide range of concentrations from 0.01 µmol/L to 1 µmol/L[32]. In the 1970’s, Pal and Sharma (1979) induced mutations by X-irradiation in D. bulbifera and D. alata with subsequent changes of steroidal sapogenin and alkaloid content in the species. rotundata Poir. Callus, shoot, leaf and root formation from nodal segments of D. bulbifera (parameters of growth scored after 6 weeks). The observation of whitish callus at the nodal base of D. bulbifera with resultant effect in suppression of shoot growth may be attributed to the presence of NAA at 1.0 mg/L in the MS media. Another kind of chemical investigation of Dioscorea species is the biotrans-formation of steroidal saponins. The plant had been reported to possess analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties as well as used for diseases such as leprosy, tumours, piles, dysentery, syphilis and ulcers[21]–[23]. Dioscorea alata (ñame), D. rotundata, D. esculenta, D. trifida y D. bulbifera (2). : Aerial yam, Genetic diversity, Morphology, Cluster analyses. A combination of different diagnostic features (quantitative and microscopic parameters such as stomata and trichome types with sizes, shapes and sizes of epidermal cell, thickness of cell and cell inclusions) has been used for taxonomic distinction and recognition in the angiosperm family[11]–[15]. Healthy nodal segments (12 weeks old) obtained from the green house and underground bulbil grown indoor (Figure 1A and ​and1B)1B) were disinfected using a drop of Tween 20 in distilled water in a sterilized bottle with constant shaking for 3 min. Photomicrograph (Ziess standard 25) of the epidermises was obtained using Motic camera mounted on a compound light microscope and attached to a Pentium IV computer. Consequently, the plants are destroyed and are not eaten. Se le conoce como Varahi en sánscrito, kaachil en Malayalam y kand Dukkar en marathi. Later, Marker et al. INTRODUCTION. The yield of diosgenin in various species of Dioscorea is presented in Table Diosgenin content in selected Dioscorea species. INTRODUCTION Tropical root and tuber crops are a subsidiary staple to over 20% of the world’s population occupying an important position after cereals and grain legumes (Orkwor et al., 1998). Shoot and root proliferation were scored and measured after 6 weeks of culturing. Subcultured nodal segments from N1 and N2 in same media composition (parameters of growth scored after 6 weeks). Conflict of interest statement: We declare that we have no conflict of interest. Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Yam (Dioscorea bulbífera) Starch: Effect on Morphology and Functional Properties Cristiany Oliveira Bernardo. Herein we report the promises of Dioscorea bulbifera and its bioactive principle, diosgenin as novel α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor. bulbifera L.,D. Murashige T, Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue culture. Among the many documented medicinal folk uses, the plant is used to paste produced from the tubers to treat swelling and as a cure for snakebite and scorpion stings in Africa and Asia, and the bulbils are used to cure thyroid diseases and cancer in traditional Chinese medicine[18]–[20]. Rhizoma Dioscorea bulbifera, the tuber of Dioscorea bulbifera L., has been used to treat various diseases. In recent years great advances in research on the Dioscorea species have been observed. Hegnauer (1963) mentioned many Dioscorea species containing diosgenin, but as is known from other authors, only certain Dioscorea have so far been found to contain sufficient diosgenin of economic importance. Foundation Project: Supported by University of Ibadan Senate Research Grant (Grant No. Morphology. At the moment, in vitro technique has found increasing significance as a complementary means to in situ plant conservation, especially for vegetatively propagated and recalcitrant seed-producing species[7]. Comparative qualitative and quantitative features of foliar epidermis of wild and micropropagated D. bulbifera are presented in Table 3. Copyright © 2020 | First Mag designed by Themes4WP. Dioscorea bulbifera (scientific name: Dioscorea bulbifera L., also known as air potato, air yam, bitter yam, cheeky yam, potato yam, Chinese Pinyin: Huang Yao Zi, Simplified Chinese: 黄药子, 黄独, 木药子, 大苦, 赤药, 红药子), is a species of perennial vine in genus Dioscorea … Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Yam (Dioscorea bulbífera) Starch: Effect on Morphology and Functional Properties Cristiany Oliveira Bernardo. Ahmed Z, Chishti MZ, Johri RK, Bhagat A. Antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activity of aqueous extract of, Wang J, Ji L, Liu H, Wang Z. 1753.. Tubérculos hipogeos y esféricos, 20 30 cm de diámetro, corteza café clara a amarillenta, lisa; bulbilos esféricos, 1 10 cm de diámetro; tallos levovolubles. Dioscorea hofika Jum. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.8 prior to autoclaving. Micro morphological characters are indispensable in the identification and authentication of medicinal plants samples. Pl. Many species of Dioscorea are native to the Old World tropics and warm-temperature regions, some to tropical America. Mucilages are evenly and widely spread within the epidermal cell of the wild plant than the micropropagated plant. Dioscorea hulhifera By FRANKLIN W. MARTIN, plant geneticist^ Federal Experiment Station^ Southern Region, Agricultural Research Service, JJ. : 33: 201-205. Climate Top of page. In spite of the great medicinal application of D. bulbifera, preference is largely given by local people to the flavor of other yam species. This is a good paper elucidating the importance of micro characters in the confirmation of the identity of both micro propagated and wild samples of D. bulbifera. Dioscorea hoffa Cordem. Off A combination of these features had been found useful for taxonomic distinction and recognition in angiosperm families. Abstract This biology is the 2nd in a series of Agriculture Handbooks dealing with the major species of yams. Similarly, MS medium supplemented with NAA (1.0 mg/L) and BAP (0.5-1.0 mg/L) was reported as the best concentration for multiple shoot bud induction in Dioscorea opposita. Jimenez-Montero M, Aguilar-Martínez A. Slight variations included thick cuticular wall with closed stomata in wild plant compared to thin walled opened stomata in the in vitro plant. The effects of Yam (Dioscorea bulbifera) intake on small intestine morphology in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats Louise da S. Asht Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, College of Nutrition, Federal Fluminense University, Rua Mário Santos Braga, 30, Niterói, RJ, 24020‐140 Brazil Introduction. La Dioscorea bulbifera que crece de forma silvestre puede ser tóxica, En cuanto a su valor medicinal, en algunos países la Dioscorea bulbífera es cultivada para satisfacer la demanda de la industria farmacéutica, porque contienen el esteroide llamado diosgenina, principal componente de … It is well known that most histological traits of plant are under the control of environmental conditions. 1. Morphologically, the leaf description of the wild and micropropagated plants were similar in terms of leaf venation which was parallel and vein convergence at the base, leaf shape in both was cordate with long petiole and alternate arrangement, leaf margin was entire with aerial bulbils produced from the node in both wild and micropropagated plants. In conclusion, the diagnostic features reported in the wild and micropropagated plants could serve as a basis for proper identification and authentication of D. bulbifera. The basal medium was fortified with cysteine (20 mg/L), combination of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.0-1.5 mg/L) and 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) (0.0-1.0 mg/L), NAA (2.0 mg/L) and NAA [2.0 mg/L+BAP (0.5 mg/L)]. Through the acute toxicity of various extracts including the EtOAc fraction (EF) and the non-EtOAc fraction (Non-EF) from ethanol, and the ethanol itself, we found that the EF contains the toxic ingredients of D. bulbifera rhizome. The study further confirms the taxonomic importance of micro morphological characters in plant taxa as well as the identification of crude drug samples even when fragmentary. The epidermal peel was rinsed (5×) to remove concentrated nitric acid and thereafter cleared with soft Carmel hair brush to dissociate tissue remains from the surfaces. * Corresponding author.E-mail: anniosuagwu@mail.com. Essiett UA, Bala DN, Agbakahi JA. Akahori (1965) found an interesting correlation between morphological features and sapogenin content. sativa Prain. Fresh leaves of wild and in vitro cultivated plant of D. bulbifera cut in the standard median position and then soaked in concentrated nitric acid for 3-5 h in a covered Petri dish were used for epidermal study. According to Fowler (1984), the steroids derived from diosgenin are among the ten most often prescribed medicines of plant origin. Dougall (1979) showed that the yield of diosgenin found in cell culture of D. deltoidea (26mg/g_1 dry wt) was higher than those found in whole plants (20mg/g_1 dry wt). Many results suggest that the high diosgenin content can be obtained by biotransformation, and this method should be developed in the future. The other kind of investigations concerned species containing steroidal sapogenins, of which diosgenin is of special pharmaceutical importance. In Southwest Nigeria, D. bulbifera grows under the shade that contains a substrate composed of high levels of organic material and often over the tops of low-lying vegetation and into tree canopies. The paper also provided information on the best conditions for obtaining a high level of genetic materials for the conservation of the plant. The tubers are edible and have often been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Ayurvedic medicine to treat … It is hardy to zone (UK) 9. minutiflora Engl.,D. Morphological, anatomical and phytochemical investigations are the integral part of herbal science. bulbifera L.,D. This work was financially supported by University of Ibadan Senate Research Grant (Grant No. Flowers are dioecious and seeds often winged. The main determinant factors are high relative air humidity, air composition and culture media content. Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato): This true yam also produces axillary tubers but these can sometimes weigh several pounds. & H.Perrier Dioscorea korrorensis R.Knuth Dioscorea latifolia Benth. Shah GL, Gopal BV. Recent advances in the areas of diosgenin biosynthesis in tissue culture indicate great scope for obtaining higher yield of steroidal sapogenins in tissue culture, but also for encouraging more interdisciplinary studies in this field. In this paper, we report on the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles by reduction of aqueous Ag(+) ions using D. bulbifera tuber extract. In Dioscorea hispida, BAP (2.0 mg/L)+NAA (0.50 mg/L) with ascorbic acid 100 mg/L, elicited optimal response in shoot in which an average of (6.00±0.18) shootlets with a mean shoot length of (5.00±0.28) cm per explant was recorded[30]. Morphology and the ability to form microtuber were also found to be unaltered in cryopreserved embryo-derived plantlets. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. Numerous studies which have been carried out on Dioscorea species in laboratories interested in medicinal plants prompted the question as how to obtain diosgenin without cultivation of the plants in the field or how to regenerate them to provide a large number of plants. The use of micro-propagation techniques for endangered plant genetic resources conservation was recognized late in the seventies (Ivanova et al., 2011). et al. Smilacifolia De Wild. One should consider the fact that abundant information on diosgenin production in tissue culture on the one hand and rapid development of the biotechnology of the plants on the other, would probably require the application of mathematical programming. There is a dearth of published research on its invasive biological attributes including vine growth and biomass production by plants generated from bulbils. However, the present anatomical studies of the foliar epidermises of D. bulbifera revealed not only anomocytic stomata type but anisocytic. After 3-6 weeks of culturing, cultures were subcultured in fresh basal medium depending on the experiments. Dioscoreaceae, the Yam Family. Pharmacognostic studies of the leaves and stem of, Yasmiri G, Khan MA, Shaheen N, Hayat MQ. Abstract. La papa del aire (Dioscorea bulbífera), es una especie de ñame cierto en el Dioscoreaceae o verdadera familia yam. Saheed SA, Illoh HC. This may be caused by conversion of endogenous precursors by the enzymes liberated during tuber homogenization. These have been employed in this paper to confirm the identity of the wild and micro propagated samples of D. bulbifera. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Eight weeks old callus and profuse whitish callus. The highest level of this compound (16.15%) was found by Ting et al. preussii Pax,D. It is a vigorous climber plant native of West Africa predominantly found in forest gaps and forest edges.Clockwise twinning direction was reported in D. bulbifera and measures up to 12 m. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and prefers well-drained soil. According to Kaul and Staba (1968), diosgenin is obtained commercially, principally from the tubers of D. composita, D. floribunda, D. tepinapensis, D. prazeri, D. deltoidea, D. sylvatica and D. belizensis. Cuticular striated wall has been reported in the epidermal imprint of the lower surface of the leaf of D. bulbifera using non-toxic mucilage[42]. 1033. PMID: 12819828 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types: Islam MT, Chowdhury RU, Afroz R, Rahman S, Haque MM. Introduction . The absence of a stalk in the female flower of D. bulbifera is a distinctive feature of this taxon. In this regard, the important microscopic features of the leaf of D. bulbifera (an important medicinal plant) such as anomocytic and anisocytic stomata, glandular trichomes with unicellular stalk and multicellular head, cuticular striations, presence of mucilage within epidermal cell and polygonal epidermal wall with smooth surfaces may serve as useful diagnostic features. They also contain the poisonous alkaloid dioscorine, and therefore may be eaten only when boiled or roasted. Herein, we report the rapid synthesis of novel Au core Ag shell nanoparticles by D. bulbifera tuber extract (DBTE). are presented.The most remarkable distinctive features of the taxa studied are: the presence of large fruits and raceme inflorescences inD. A. Osiyemi is gratefully acknowledged for plant identification. Micromorphological investigation of foliar anatomy of genera, Abere TA, Onwukaeme DN, Eboka CJ. Morphology and the ability to form microtuber were also found to be unaltered in cryopreserved embryo-derived plantlets. Following dormancy break of the bulbils (after 16 weeks), they were dipped into black polythene bags with holes, filled with top soil and kept in the green house to minimize microbial contamination of plants. Production of plantlets with profuse rooting in vitro is important for successful establishment of regenerated plants in soil[28]. Effect of plant growth regulator on. odoratissima Pax,D. A: Eight weeks old callus from nodal explants of D. bulbifera; B: Profuse whitish callus with shoot suppression. Post‐Graduate Programe in Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, , 23890‐000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. Phytochemistry 20:1569-1571. The vast majority of the species are tropical, with only a few species extending into temperate climates. The useful diagnostic features included amphistomatic leaves, anomocytic and anisocytic stomata and smooth epidermal wall as shown in Figures 7 and ​and88. D bulbifera al 10%, 13% y 16% p/v. Estudio etnobotánico de la papa de aire A & B: Wild plant; C & D: In vitro plant (400×). In dry tuber incubation endogenous enzymes are destroyed. Comparison of growth responses to auxin 1-naphthalene acetic acid and the ethylene precussor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in maize seedling root. He analyzed the Japanese Dioscorea species, three of which did not contain sapogenins. Slides were examined for assessment of the qualitative diagnostic features such as stomata type, cuticular striation on walls, mucilage and shape of epidermal cell with quantitative parameters such as epidermal cell size, stomata and epidermal wall dimension were recorded. Previous workers have reported that phytochemicals including saponins, polyphenols and mucilage are the likely active components of Dioscorea species[35]–[37]. Wild plant had thicker lignified walls than the micropropagated plant and mass of mucilages were evenly spread in the epidermal cell of the wild but condensed and scattered in the in vitro propagated plant (Figures 7 and ​and88). The combination and interaction of BAP and NAA had been reported to play an important role in in vitro propagation of nodal explants for multiple shoot induction[29]. A: Purple nodal segments obtained from underground bulbil following dormancy break; B: Greenish nodal segments from green house. This has led to the near extinction status of this plant in the southeastern part of Nigeria[5]. A. Osiyemi at the Forest Herbarium Ibadan where the voucher specimen with number “FHI 109529” was deposited. Anomocytic stomata type reported in this work agrees with a previous report of anomocytic stomata in the order Dioscorales as in the case of Dioscorea hispida[40]. Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Tel: +23408023255482, E-mail: *Corresponding author: Dr. Mubo A. Sonibare, Senior Lecturer, PhD, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. PMID: 12819828 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types: The purified protein had molecular weight of 21 kDa. By using these modern and very accurate methods, it will be possible to apply plant cell cultures to commercial diosgenin production. These specific conditions are responsible for the structural changes occurring in micropropagated plants. These are edible and potato like in flavor. Diosgenin was first isolated by Tsukamoto and Ueno (1936) from the Japanese species D. tokoro with a yield of 1%. NPs synthesis was completed within 5 h showing a prominent peak at 540 nm. vera Prain & Burkill Dioscorea crispata Roxb. Dioscorea belongs to the monocotyledons, family Dioscoreaceae, subfamily Dioscoreoideae. The abaxial and adaxial surfaces were carefully mounted on a clean glass slides and dehydrated by graded series 50%, 70%, 80% and 100% ethyl alcohol and later stained with safaranin O for 2 min; excess stain was removed by adding few drops of 70% ethyl alcohol. 1, Bureau of Methods Development and Biological Control 2 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL 32608 Quick Identification Guide: Air Potato, Dioscorea bulbifera Other Chinese species, D. althaeoides, D. colettii and D. septemloba, were the object of studies by Lou and Chen (1983) and Liu and Chen (1984), in which they isolated and identified diosgenin. Umeshkumar MD, Vilas ND, Diniesh MS. Natural gums and mucilage's in NDDS: applications and recent approaches. Many species have a low rate of flowering and fruit setting and poor seed germination. Dioscorea burkilliana J. Miège. Growth of plant was assessed 4-6 weeks. It is a vigorous climber plant native of West Africa predominantly found in forest gaps and forest edges[1]. ... Morphology D. bulbifera is a glabrous vine that climbs by twining to heights of 12 meters or more (fig. Study of the hepatotoxicity induced by, Gao H, Wu L, Kuroyanagi M. Seven compounds from, Wang JM, Ji LL, Branford-White CJ, Wang ZY, Shen KK, Liu H, et al. Dioscorea bulbifera (comúnmente conocido como la patata aire, ñame aire, ñame aérea, ñame amargo, ñame descarado, ñame papa y ñame chirivía) es una especie de la verdadera ñame en el ñame familia, Dioscoreaceae.Es originaria de África, Asia y el norte de Australia. Dioscorea bulbifera has paracytic and anisocytic stomata, with percentage frequency values of 87.60 and 12.40, respectively. (C,D) Starch granules of Dioscorea bulbifera tuber (AusMus 1/271; Vanuatu). The presence of anisocytic stomata in D. bulbifera together with anomocytic stomata may serve as distinguishing character for its identification from other Dioscorea species. Slight variations included closed stomata pore in the wild and open in the in vitro cultivated plants, cuticularization of epidermal walls was observed in the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the wild whereas it was noticed only on the abaxial surfaces of the in vitro plant. 9 RAGHUNADAN K, JOLLY C, 1987 Starch from Dioscorea bulbifera. hirtiflora Benth.,D. Importance of leaf epidermal characters in the Asteraceae family. et al. plate facing p. 217. Dhawan et al. Thus, the D. bulbifera plants regenerated from cryopreserved embryogenic tissues were genetically stable at the molecular, biochemical and morphological levels. are presented. Stem-Twining to the left, unarmed, often with bulbils in the leaf-axils. V. Biology of Dioscorea bulbifera ... Taxonomy and morphology The genus Dioscorea, published in 1753 by Linnaeus (Genera Plantarum), was named after the Greek physician Pedinios Dioscorides, who was a medical officer in the Roman army at the time The mean±SE, minimum and maximum values were calculated for all variables. Mubo A. Sonibare and Adedapo A. Adeniran. Pl. (1984). The most remarkable distinctive features of the taxa studied are: the presence of large fruits and raceme inflorescences inD. Just like every yam plant, D. bulbifera possesses an annual vegetative cycle. The plants are usually climbers, with tubers or rhizomes at the base. D. bulbifera, besides being important as an edible yam, is used in traditional medicine[17]. Behera KK, Sahoo S, Prusti AB. et al. However, in the present study, induction of bulbil with aerial root (whitish) in MS media+NAA (2.0 mg/L)+cysteine (20 mg/L) is suggested rather than the use of BAP (2.0 mg/L) or NAA (0.50 mg/L)+BAP (2.0 mg/L) in MS medium. The near endangered status of D. bulbifera makes it imperative to find appropriate means of its conservation. 1 October 2016 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry 1 Methods Contribution No. Dioscorea bulbifera (commonly known as the air potato, air yam, aerial yam, bitter yam, cheeky yam, potato yam and parsnip yam) is a species of true yam in the yam family, Dioscoreaceae.It is native to Africa, Asia and northern Australia. The variation in the floral morphology seen in the flowers, fruits, seeds and floral formulae of the investigated Dioscorea species, … Micropropagation of an Indian ginger (. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Leaf anatomy of orchids micrpropagated with different silicon concentrations. Natural Area Weeds: Air Potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) 3 Three other introduced species of Dioscorea may be encountered in Florida: Chinese yam (D. polystachya), Zanzibar yam (D. sansibarensis), and wild yam (D. villosa).None of these is considered to be invasive. At the beginning of the growing season, tubers and new bulbils produce thick sphagetti-like root from the rhizomatous head. Generally, mean length of stomata size, epidermal cell size and trichomes of the abaxial and adaxial surfaces in wild plant were larger than micropropagated D. bulbifera while the average epidermal trichome in abaxial surface was larger compared with the wild. More than 80% shoot regeneration and formation of 10%-30% whitish-brown callus were observed within 3 weeks. minutiflora Engl.,D. Mucilages are generally normal products of metabolism formed within the cell (intracellular formation) and or produced without injury to the plant[34]. (D. bulbifera) belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae assigned to the order Dioscorales. Yams consist of more than 600 73 Grafica 19 Concentración de alcohol para D. bulbifera al 10%, 13%, y 16% 74 Grafica 20 Concentración de alcohol para D. trífida al 10%, 13%, y 16% 75 The species have been the object of numerous studies by botanists, chemists and pharmacists. This plant was introduced to the United States … Kevers C, Franck T, Strasser RJ, Dommes J, Gaspar T. Hyperhydricity of micropropagated shoots; a typically stress-induced change of physiological state. Adedeji O, Jewoola OA. Rose leaf structure in relation to different stages of micropropagation. It is named by the monk Charles Plumier after the ancient Greek physician and botanist Dioscorides Bulbifera. Multiple root formation with single elongated shoot and no shoot and root formation. Comparison of mean of parameters of growth using independent student t-test for each column showed no statistical significance at P>0.05. Similarly, explants with single node were excised from underground bulbil (12 weeks old) sprouting after dormancy break but kept indoor away from light source (the sun). (1969) found that D. floribunda leaf homogenate converted the open-chain glycoside of diosgenin to dioscin. However, the clinical application has been limited for its hepatotoxicity. Glycerin was used as mountant, and epidermises were covered with coverslips and the edges of the slide sealed with nail varnish to prevent dehydration. Dioscorea bulbifera is an edible yam species differentiated from every other species by the possession of specialized aerial bulbils, usually produced on the base of petioles (Martin, 1974). In the present study, MS medium+BAP (0.05 mg/L)+NAA (0.01 mg/L) produced the highest mean root length of (27.00±1.25) mm with an elongated single shoot of mean length (38.00±11.09) mm (Figure 2A, Table 1) representing 70% explants response after 8 weeks of culturing. A: Multiple root formation with single elongated shoot; B: Bud break with single leaf (no shoot and root formation). Thereafter, they were soaked in 70% alcohol for 10 min and finally treated with 3% sodium hypochloride for 15 min and then rinsed thoroughly by intermittent shaking with sterilized distilled water (3×). Underground tubers, vary in shape and are rich in starch. In the present review its habit, habitat, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological properties are discussed. Vegetatively, D. bulbifera is cultivated by planting the whole bulbils, but it is not grown much commercially because of the unpalatable bitter taste[4]. Diosgenin content in Dioscorea roots is 4% to 6% of dry weight. Earlier workers reported shoot regeneration of 42%-75% in Dioscorea rotundata when cultured in MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.1 µmol/L)+BAP (0.20 µmol/L) and shoot plantlet regeneration of 60%-82% obtained in media made of NAA (0.05 µmol/L)+BAP (0.20 µmol/L) or BAP (0.46 µmol/L)+kinetin (0.50 µmol/L) in Dioscorea alata[29]. preussii Pax,D. In view of the biological and medicinal importance of D. bulbifera, and the report of its near extinction in southeast region of Nigeria, the present study was designed to compare qualitative and quantitative micro-morphological characteristics of the wild and micropropagated plants which may be employed for correcting crude drug identification.